Preface

At the time of independence, agriculture in India was completely backward. Productivity was very poor due to the use of centuries-old and traditional techniques applied in agriculture. Talking about the present time, the amount of fertilizers used in agriculture is also very less. Due to its low productivity, agriculture can only manage subsistence for Indian farmers and due to less commercialization of agriculture, our country is still behind in terms of agriculture from many countries.

types of agriculture

Agriculture is one of the most widespread activities in the world, but it is not the same everywhere. The following are the major types of agriculture.

( i) Animal Husbandry 

Under this system of farming, great emphasis is placed on rearing animals. Unlike nomadic herds, farmers lead a settled life.

( ii) Mediterranean Agriculture 

There are typically specific livestock and crop combinations in the rugged areas of the Mediterranean region. Wheat and citrus fruits are the major crops, and small animals are the major livestock reared in the area.

( iii) Underdeveloped sedentary tillage

 This is a subsistence type of agriculture and it is different from other types as the same plot of land is cultivated continuously year after year. Apart from cereal crops, some tree crops like rubber trees,s, etc. are grown using this system.

( iv) Milk production 

Market proximity and temperate climate are two favorable factors that are responsible for the development of this type of farming. Countries like Denmark and Sweden have developed this type of farming to the maximum.

( v) Jhum farming 

This type of agriculture is generally adopted by people living in tropical regions like South East Asia, with a major emphasis on cereal crops. Due to the pressure of environmentalists, this type of farming is decreasing.

( vi) Commercial grain farming

 This type of farming is a response to farm mechanization and is the dominant type of farming in areas with low rainfall and population. These crops are caused by weather conditions and drought.

( vii) Livestock and grain farming

 This type of agriculture is commonly known as mixed farming and originated in the moist areas of mid-latitudes except for Asia. Its development is closely linked to market features, and it is generally a European type of cultivation.

Epilogue

Agriculture and business are two distinct axes, but are interrelated and complementary, involving the organization and management of production from the use of agricultural resources to harvesting, processing, and marketing of agricultural produce.